The Class 8 is an important year in a student’s life and Maharashtra State Board Social Science History is one of the subjects that require dedication, hard work, and practice. It’s a subject where you can score well if you are well-versed with the concepts, remember the important formulas and solving methods, and have done an ample amount of practice. Worry not! Home Revise is here to make your Class 8 journey even easier. It’s essential for students to have the right study material and notes to prepare for their board examinations, and through Home Revise, you can cover all the fundamental topics in the subject and the complete Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Social Science History Book syllabus.
Q1. Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options.
(Pandit Shyamji Krishna Varma, Mitramela, Ramsingh Kuka)
(1) Swatantryaveer Savarkar started a secret organisation of revolutionaries named ………….. .
(2) In Punjab, ………….. organised an uprising against the Government.
(3) ………….. founded the India House.
Answer 1: Swatantryaveer Savarkar started a secret organisation of revolutionaries named Mitramela.
Answer 2: In Punjab, Ramsingh Kuka organised an uprising against the Government.
Answer 3: Pandit Shyamji Krishna Varma founded the India House
Q2. Complete the following table.
| Revolutionary | Organisation |
| Abhinav Bharat | |
| Barindrakumar Ghosh | |
| Chandrashekhar Azad |
Answer:
| Revolutionary | Organisation |
| Swatantryaveer Savarkar | Abhinav Bharat |
| Barindrakumar Ghosh | Anushilan Samiti |
| Chandrashekhar Azad | Hindustan Socialist Republican Association |
Q3. Explain the following statements with reasons.
(1) Chafekar brothers killed Rand.
(2) Khudiram Bose was hanged to death.
(3) Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly.
Answer 1: In 1897, the Plague Commissioner Rand had resorted to tyranny and force while managing the epidemic of plague in Pune. As a revenge the Chafekar brothers, Damodar and Balkrishna, shot him dead on 22 June 1897. Damodar, Balkrishna and Vasudev, the three brothers and their associate Mahadev Ranade were hanged to death. From the same house, three brothers accepted martyrdom for the service of the country. During the same period Munda tribe in Bihar under the leadership of Birsa Munda made great revolt against the Government.
Answer 2 : Khudiram Bose was part of a revolutionary organisation called ‘Anushilan Samiti’ In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki, members of Anushilan Samiti, planned to kill a judge named Kingsford. But the vehicle on which they threw the bomb was not the one carrying Kingsford. Two English women were killed in this attack. Prafulla Chaki shot himself with a bullet so that he would not fall into the hands of British. Khudiram Bose was caught by the police and hanged to death.
Answer 3: Young men influenced by socialist ideas decided to set up a nationwide revolutionary organisation. Prominent among them were Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev etc. All these revolutionaries were secular in their thoughts. Members of this organisation carried out many revolutionary activities. The Government had introduced two bills in the Central Legislative Assembly, curtailing civil rights. To protest against it, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly.
Q4. Answer the following questions in brief.
(1) Write a detailed description of the attack on Chittagong Armoury.
(2) Explain the contribution of Swatantryaveer Savarkar in the armed revolutionary movement.
Answer 1: Surya Sen was the chief of the revolutionary group at Chittagong in Bengal. He had gathered around him revolutionaries like Anant Singh, Ganesh Ghosh, Kalpana Dutta, Pritilata Waddedar. With their assistance, Surya Sen drew up a plan to attack the armoury at Chittagong. As per the plan, on 18 April 1930 the revolutionaries seized the arms from the two armouries in Chittagong. The telephone and telegraph lines were broken and they succeeded in paralysing the communication system. After that they gave a thrilling fight to the British army. This is how they attacked Chittagong Armoury.
Answer 2: In 1900, Swatantryaveer Vinayak Damodar Savarkar founded ‘Mitramela’- a secret organisation of revolutionaries in Nasik. The same organisation was renamed as ‘Abhinav Bharat’ in 1904. Savarkar went to England for higher education. From there he began sending revolutionary literature, guns etc. to the members of Abhinav Bharat in India. The Government came to know about the activities of Abhinav Bharat. Therefore, the Government arrested Babarao Savarkar. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. As a revenge to this punishment, a youth named Anant Laxman Kanhere killed Jackson, the Collector of Nashik. The Government started arresting all those people who were connected with Abhinav Bharat organisation. The murder of Jackson was linked with Swatantryaveer Savarkar by the Government, he was arrested and put under trial. The court ordered him rigorous punishment for 50 years.
Q5. Discuss the Kakori Conspiracy.
Answer: After the suspension of Civil Disobedience Movement by Mahatma Gandhi, many youngsters got diverted to revolutionary ways. Chandrashekhar Azad, Ram Prasad Bismil, Yogesh Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal and other such revolutionaries came together. On 9 August 1925, they looted the Government treasury that was carried in a train near Kakori railway station in Uttar Pradesh. This is known as the ‘Kakori conspiracy’. By taking immediate action the government arrested the revolutionaries and put them into prison. They were put under trial. Ashfaqulla Khan, Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Lahiri were hanged. But Chandrashekhar Azad managed to escape.