The Class 8 is an important year in a student’s life and Maharashtra State Board Social Science Grography is one of the subjects that require dedication, hard work, and practice. It’s a subject where you can score well if you are well-versed with the concepts, remember the important formulas and solving methods, and have done an ample amount of practice. Worry not! Home Revise is here to make your Class 8 journey even easier. It’s essential for students to have the right study material and notes to prepare for their board examinations, and through Home Revise, you can cover all the fundamental topics in the subject and the complete Maharashtra State Board Class 8 Social Science Grography Book syllabus.
Q1. Complete the following sentences.
(A) If the birth rate is greater than the death rate then the population………..
(i) decreases
(ii) increases
(iii) remains constant
(iv) becomes surplus
(B) People of ……………age group are included in the productive population
(i) 0 to 14
(ii) 14 to 60
(iii) 15 to 60
(iv) 15 to 59
(C) The spread of modern technology in society is mostly dependent on ……
(i) Sex Ratio
(ii) Birth Rate
(iii) Literacy
(iv) Migration
Answer A: If the birth rate is greater than the death rate then the population increases.
Answer B: People of 15 to 60 age group are included in the productive population
Answer C: The spread of modern technology in society is mostly dependent on Literacy.
Q 2. Examine the following statements and correct the incorrect ones.
(a) The population density of a region can be understood from its area.
(b) The quality of population is determined on the basis of literacy.
(c) There is an adverse impact on manpower in the regions of out migration.
(d) Greater economic prosperity indicates the development of a region.
(e) Developing countries have an HDI of 1.
Answer a: The statement is incorrect. The population density can be defined as the measurement of the population per unit volume or area.
Answer b: The quality of population is determined on the basis of literacy statement is correct.
Answer c: There is an adverse impact on manpower in the regions of out migration statement is correct.
Answer d: Greater economic prosperity indicates the development of a region statement is correct.
Answer e: Developing countries have an HDI of 1 statement is correct.
Q3. Answer in brief.
(a) What are the aspects considered in the structure of population?
(b) Prepare a list of advantageous and disadvantageous factors, affecting population distribution.
(c) What are the problems in areas of high population densities?
(d) What are the problems in areas of low population densities?
Answer a: Population can be subdivided into various categories. By studying the correlation between the subdivisions, an understanding of the structure and quality of the population is possible. Sex, Age, Rural, Urban, Literacy, Productive Population. Population can be subdivided as per the groups given above. These sub groups and their relationship with one another is studied in the structure of the population.
Answer b: The list of advantages are as follows:
The list of disadvantages are as follows:
Answer c: The ratio of the population of a country to its area is population density. While discussing population distribution, density of population is also considered. The density is calculated, as per the formula given below.
Density of population = Population of a region/Area of a region
The problems in areas of high population densities are as follows:
Pollution –Pollution is one of the major reasons which people face due to high population density. Due to an increase in land degradation by making houses and flats, land pollution will be caused, water will be contaminated by a huge number of people, resulting in water pollution and huge number of vehicles will cause air pollution.
Overcrowded –The areas with high population density become overcrowded, which bring chaos and lack of peace in the society.
Lack of open space –High population density makes it difficult to get a free open space.
Answer d: The development of a country depends upon its size of population. A lower population is somehow manageable and resources can be distributed equally. But, sometimes the low population leads to lower demands of goods and services and lower tax revenues for the government to provide goods and services.
Q 4. Give Geographical Reasons.
(a) Population is an important resource.
(b) Productive population is an important group.
(c) The study of age structures is important.
(d) Literacy is directly related to development.
(e) The real progress of a country is understood with the help of the Human Development Index.
Answer a: The economic and cultural development of any country depends upon the volume and the quality of population. If a country has a high volume and less quality of population, it has slow economic growth and development. If a country has optimum population with high quality of population, it has fast economic growth and development. Thus, population is an important resource.
Answer b: People belonging to the age group of 16 to 59 age are considered as productive. Therefore, this population is called the productive population. People below 16 years of age and above 60 years of age are considered as dependent or non-working population. Productive population/people are involved in services or businesses. Therefore, they play a very important role in economic growth and development of a country.
Answer c: In a region, when the population is subdivided as per the age groups this is called the age structure of the population. Age structure is useful for the projection of population and for understanding the dynamics of the age structure arrangement. Similarly, it also helps in understanding the proportion of active and dependent population.
Answer d: In society, some people are literate and others illiterate. In our country a person who can read and write is termed as literate. This definition can vary from one country to another. The percentage of literacy throws light on the quality of the population. People above the age of seven can be classified into literates and illiterates. Literacy is an indicator of the social and economic development of a society. If the percentage of literacy is higher than the country develops socially and economically. Literacy leads to the development of a cultured and progressive society.
Answer e: The Human Development index holds an important place in the study of human conditions related to international economic development. Today, it is commonly accepted that only economic prosperity does not mean development. This is not just the expectation of individuals but also of a region or of a country. The human development index is used as a yardstick to measure regional development. While computing this index, three main parameters have been considered.
The values of the Human Development Index range from 0 to 1. Highly developed regions have a value close to 1 and as the level of development goes down, the value of the HDI decreases. In an area with very little development the value of the index is close to zero.
Q 5. Write notes.
(A) Sex ratio
(B) Age Structure
(C) Literacy
Answer A: As per the gender, population can be divided into males and females. This is a natural division which can be easily understood. In a population, when both the genders are around the same number it indicates a balanced population. In population studies, the ratio of men and women is considered important. This ratio is calculated as follows :
Sex Ratio = Total number of females/Total number of males × 1000
When for every one thousand males the number of females is less, the sex ratio is said to be low and when for every one thousand males the number of females is more, the sex ratio is said to be high.
Answer B: In a region, when the population is subdivided as per the age groups this is called the age structure of the population. Age structure is useful for the projection of population and for understanding the dynamics of the age structure arrangement. Similarly, it also helps in understanding the proportion of active and dependent population.
In India, the productive population is the population between the ages 15 and 59. This group of people is active in service and business. They directly participate in the economic activities of a region. In regions where the proportion of this population is more, especially youth, development is rapid.
The dependent population fall into two sub groups. The people below 15 years of age are totally dependent on the productive population. People above 60 years also fall in the dependant category but their knowledge and experience make them a valuable asset to the whole society.
Answer C: In society, some people are literate and others illiterate. In our country a person who can read and write is termed as literate. This definition can vary from one country to another. The percentage of literacy throws light on the quality of the population. People above the age of seven can be classified into literates and illiterates. Literacy is an indicator of the social and economic development of a society. If the percentage of literacy is higher than the country develops socially and economically. Literacy leads to the development of a cultured and progressive society.